The Ford Pinto Case Analysis - 1576 Words

The Ford Pinto Case Milton Friedman believed a free-market system, in which goods and services are exchanged and controlled by individuals and privately-owned businesses without government authority, was the only way to achieve personal freedom. Adam Smith, a 18th century philosopher and economist, held the belief that in a free society, the role of government should be limited to the protection of the people, the administration of justice through the court system, and the maintenance of all public resources. Adam Smith developed the concept of the â€Å"invisible hand† theory, which says within a society that is free of government interference, individuals can pursue actions out of their own self-interest, and the collective result of this†¦show more content†¦Ford executives were under a great deal of pressure to produce a smaller, more gas efficient automobile. Japanese and German automobile sales were rapidly increasing. These competitive forces drove Ford’s executive team to respond by rushing the design process of the Ford Pinto. By 1973, the Pinto was well into production when engineers discovered a flaw in the gas tank, which was located just under the rear bumper. They discovered that if the vehicle suffered a rear-end collision over 20 mph, the gas tank could break and spill gasoline into the passenger compartment, potentially resulting in a fire. The remedy for the flaw was a part that cost $11.00 per vehicle. Executives at Ford knew the company had followed all safety standards and regulations. At that time, automobile safety standards only needed gas tanks to withstand a collision under 20 mph. An internal cost-benefit analysis revealed the costs would be substantially higher to fix the design flaw that the costs associated with any potential damages due to collisions and loss of life. The public remained unaware until Mother Jones journalist, Mark Dowie broke the story in 1977. Fueled by the media, what followed was a frenzy of public outcry a nd court trials. Friedman’s free-market approach to business ethics and how it relates to the Ford Pinto case. Friedman, who had a gift for explaining complex concepts, believed theShow MoreRelatedThe Ford Pinto Case Analysis Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pages The Ford Pinto Case Iyanda S. OConnor American Military Universtiy BUSN623 The Ford Pinto Case In 1978 a tragic car accident involving three teenager driving a Ford Pinto, model year 1973, caused their car to burst into flames (Hoffman, 1982). The car was struck from behind and the gas tank immediately ruptured (Hoffman, 1982). The Ford Company was then charged for criminal homicide which was historically the first to occur for an American company (Hoffman, 1982). The Judge presidingRead MoreCost Benefit Analysis : The Ford Pinto Case1666 Words   |  7 PagesCHEN 4090 Senior Seminar The Ford Pinto Case Naif Alotaibi Mohammed Alkhoraimi April 18, 2016 Cost Benefit Analysis The Cost benefit analysis is a financial model where companies or government establishments implement on their decision making. The model simply evaluates costs and benefits of a certain decision which enables the organization to choose the â€Å"right† option. (O’Farrell, R.,n.d.) The beauty of the CBA model lies in its simplicity, the chosen optionRead MoreCase Analysis : Ford Pinto Incident1223 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Ford Pinto incident in the 1970’s. First, I will validate why the stakeholder theory is the best theory to use when making business decisions, and why the liability should fall on the people regulating the market interactions, not the producer of the products. Second, I will come from a different angle and analyze the objections that some people may have about the Stakeholder theory. Last, I will analyze the ethics and consequences of taking a different course of action as the CEO of Ford. ByRead MoreCase Study : Ford Motor Company1220 Words à ‚  |  5 PagesThe Ford Motor Company fell into a trap of greed that resulted in the loss of many human lives. Before the disaster of the Pinto fires, Ford had a reputation as being the safety pioneer in the automobile industry with additions such as the seat belts even raising awareness of their safety. However, as the invention of small cars began to take emerge Ford began to lose market shares to the foreign market causing Ford to construct a small compact to satisfy this emerging market. Ford’s stance on â€Å"safetyRead MoreFord Pinto Ethics Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesFord Pinto Case: The Invisible Corporate Human Pricetag In this essay, I will argue that Ford Motor Company’s business behavior was unethical as demonstrated in the Ford Pinto Case. Ford did not reveal all the facts to consumers about a harmful gas tank design in the Ford Pinto. They tried to justify their decision to sell an unsafe car by using a Cost-Benefit Analysis which determined it was cheaper to sell the cars without changing to a safer gas tank. The price of not fixing the gas tanksRead MoreFord Pinto953 Words   |  4 PagesResponsible Commerce (COMM 101) Case 2.3 (The Ford Pinto) Week 4 1. What moral issues does the Pinto case raise? Moral issues that Ford Pinto case raises included producing dangerous products which are not safe to use it without informing the dangerous of the products to the public. In addition, lobbying the NHTSA to delay the safety measure of the products is also one of the moral issues that Ford Pinto case raises. (53 words) 2. Suppose Ford officials were asked to justifyRead MoreFord And The Government Of The Pinto Case1747 Words   |  7 Pages Was Ford to blame in the Pinto case? Christeen Olsen Business Ethics Social Issues 1122 Anoka Ramsey Community College April 26, 2015 Abstract This paper explores several published articles and an overview of the court cases, that bring up the question of ethics and the responsibilities of Ford and the government in the Pinto gas-tank issues of the 1970’s. This paper is intended to ask questions of ethics regarding manufacturers responsibilities when there might be a potentialRead MoreLegal Analysis Grimshaw V Ford Motor Company1449 Words   |  6 PagesLegal Analysis Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Company Facts In 1972 a Ford Pinto, purchased six months prior, unexpectedly stalled on the freeway in California. The Pinto was hit from behind by a Ford Galaxy, erupting into flames instantly. The driver of the car, Lilly Gray, suffered from fatal burns and died a few days later in the hospital. The passenger, a 13-year old boy named Richard Grimshaw, was also severely injured from burns, which caused his face and body to be permanently disfigured. AfterRead MoreFord Pinto Fires Case Study and Executive Summary Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesFord Pinto Fires Case Study and Executive Summary John Bonner, Scotti Greenleaf, Rose Scarbrough MGT216 University of Phoenix October 18, 2010 Sarah Nelson Ford Pinto Fires Case Study and Executive Summary Introduction During the Late 1960’s the Ford Motor Company was one of the leading auto manufactures in the United States. Ford was credited with revolutionizing the muscle car era of the 1950’s and 1960’s. During the mid 1960’s Lee Iacocca helped Ford establish itself in the late 1960’sRead MoreCase Study Pinto681 Words   |  3 Pages1. What moral issues does the Pinto case raise? I think Pinto case raised some serious issue of abusing human rights and not behaving ethically in the world of business. Any business/service should never ever put a value on human life and not take consideration of a known deadly danger. Ford had an option as well as the solution to design the car in a way that prevented cars from exploding; however they refused to implement it.    They thought that it was cost effective not to fix dangerous condition

Supply Chain Management Chapter 10 - 999 Words

Supply Chain Management: Chapter 10 (p. 249): Questions: 1, 4, 5, 13 (1) What is the difference between supply chain management and demand management? According to Schroeder, Goldstein, Rungtusanatham (2013), supply chain management is the process that is used by a company to ensure that its supply channel that supplies and materials are processed through is moving and operating in an efficient and cost effective manner. However, demand management is when decisions made affect the amounts of one or more products that are a part of the supply chain. (4) How do lead times and forecast errors affect supply chain performance? Lead time is the time between the initiation and completion of a process. It affects supply chain performance because the longer the lead time the longer it will take for materials to move through the supply chain. Forecasting errors affect the supply chain because the calculations formulated in forecasting are not exact science, but it is only an approximation that can be almost on target or the figures can be way off target. Lead times and forecast errors can both cause the bullwhip effect which is when there is an increase in variability of orders received in the up side of the supply chain, which then affects the amount of inventories the upper end of the supply chain holds on to according to Schroeder, Goldstein, Rungtusanatham (2013). (5) Why is increased coordination needed to manage supply chains? Give three examples. IncreasedShow MoreRelatedOperation Managenent1504 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1 – Introduction to Operations Management After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define the term operations management. 2. Identify the three major functional areas of organizations and describe how they interrelate. 3. 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The Most Advantageous Feature of A.I. Free Essays

The most advantageous feature   and machine learning is that it’s applications are virtually limitless. It is a highly complex process, but can be tailored to just about any situation that you can imagine. It has the potential to streamline almost any automated process, from production to being the first line of customer interaction. We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Advantageous Feature of A.I. or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are already starting to see rudimentary forms of this software in things like chat bots on corporate websites that help direct customer traffic. This technology is still in its infancy and many companies and software developers are still figuring out what its potential applications could be. It is a process that many people are eager to invest in early on in hopes that one day it will become more intelligent and efficient. In the end however, the only limit to this technology is the human imagination. [build on from here, larab] humans bring something to the table in the association between human and computer and technology in these days. Here are some main advantages/benefits of this partnership between humans and computers and technology. Efficiency, objectivity, and scalability. It is fascinating to allow slow and well-defined tasks such as certain types of management work and straightforward calculations to a particular Artificial Intelligence algorithm. Not only does it decrease the costs of these processes greatly, but it also frees up employee’s time to focus on more elaborate, creative and inner problem solving with humans. AI customer service in business is really good example of this. This helps works to focus on human related work more. The human brain is more focused on our recognition of truth. On the other hand, Artificial Intelligence is by definition objective. It doesn’t design an opinion before having analyzed a acceptable amount of data. In opposed to a human being, an algorithm does not make any assumption on what the expected conclusion of an analysis should be. Therefore, AI ( artificial intelligence) is much better satisfactory for tasks requiring impartiality. Humans are able to inspect things better if they delete the unimportant details.after all, sometimes details are really important to really appreciate a certain situation. One of the advantages of an AI algorithm is that it can take the smallest details into account and translate this to the bigger picture. How to cite The Most Advantageous Feature of A.I., Papers

K101 An introduction to health and social care Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Essay for Health and Social Care module k101? Answer: Essay plan A systematic structure helps to enhance the efficiency of work. Therefore, a plan should also be made for writing an essay on a topic. In this essay, the topic is the Adopting a person-centered care approach can ensure that good care is provided in long-term care settings. Therefore, a proper structured plan would help to write the essay in appropriate format. Usually, an essay does not have separate headings; therefore, the plan should be made for summarizing and making the framework of the contents of each paragraph. The first paragraph would include a brief introduction of the topic. The introduction can be general and it would not include the specific points regarding the person-centered care and long-term care settings. The introduction would include the description and introduction of the essay title. If there are any issues related to the topic, the introduction part will highlight this part. The next paragraph would be the background of the topic. Here, in this paragraph, a brief history and importance of the topic would be discussed, thereby highlighting the topic, why it is important to adopt the person-centered approach in care long-term setting. The introductory paragraph would include a thesis statement and its importance upon which the essay would be built. On the basis of the thesis statement, the supported arguments would be discussed. In the third paragraph, the major points would be discussed. Here, an argument would be written based on the essay topic. This paragraph would contain the major points stating the reasons or support evidence for supporting the essay topic. In this condition, the paragraphs in this part will be written in a continuous manner with the supporting discussion for the argument or essay topic that is the adoption of a person-centered care approach is good for long-term care settings. These paragraphs will be descriptive. If there is any counter-argument present, these can be discussed in second-last paragraph. The last paragraph would be the conclusion. Here a well-structured conclusion would be discussed achieving the goal of the essay. The conclusion should be brief enough to be sufficient for one paragraph. The concluding paragraph would focus on the establishment of the argument, here in this essay; the paragraph would establish the positive argument for the essay topic. The concluding paragraph would highlight the alignment of the argument with the thesis statement. Essay The person-centered care is an approach of psychotherapy used in treating the patient with mental illness. In a person-centered care, patients are involved in planning, developing and monitoring care services for them. It helps to meet the need of the patients. The person-centered care is usually provided to the patients for giving them value and establishing a trustworthy relationship with the patient and the medical staff. In this essay, the major focus would be the discussion about the suitability or importance of person-centered approach in long-term care settings (Alzheimer Society Ontario 2016). In long-term care settings, patients usually become helpless due to their long-term diseased condition, thereby affecting their mental health also. In addition, in most of the cases, the mental health disorders need long-term treatment including counseling and psychotherapies (Crandall et al. 2012). Therefore, it can be said that, long-term care settings need to involve supportive care practices, for strengthening the mental stability of the patients. Person-centered care attempts to include the patients in their care plan development. It also allows the patients family to be involved in the care planning development along with the care professionals and other medical experts (Flesner 2011). Person-centered care is not based only on the provision of information about the care planning to the patients and their family members. It is mainly focused on considering the values, beliefs, the situation of the family, lifestyle, desires and social involvement for understanding the nature of the person and his status. Then a collaborative plan development helps in meeting appropriate solution of the issues. In long-term care settings, support is a major factor for getting success in particular therapeutic approach. It is because, supportive activities with respect and dignity, people find their entity newly and they become more positive about their therapy and wellness. According to Heilman (2012), the person-centered approach of care is a key perception of directing the efforts for improving long-term care of the patient. The background information of the person-centered care approach revealed that elements of the person-centered care approach are related to maximize the autonomy and comfort through a supportive physical and organizational environment (Li and Porock 2014). It helps to improve the health outcomes of the patients in long-term care settings. The person-centered approach consists of some key elements that are applicable to the care plans based on this approach. These include seven key elements including person and family engagement, care, process, environment, activity and recreation, leadership and staffing. Each element is important for the long-term care settings (Mace et al. 2015). These approaches have been adopted and practices have been implemented in six homes and it was revealed that real-life, effective choice, credible solutions met the positive health outcomes. These approaches can be duplicated in most care homes and the lesson can be applicable to different care settings. ASC influences the long-term care homes for adopting these elements in their care settings for improving the experiences of both the patients and caregivers undergoing long-term care settings (Tellisnayak 2011). For this purpose, it has been revealed that, a cultural change in the organization is needed, a shift of culture from an instituti onal model to a relationship-based approach is beneficial for focusing on the needs of people within long-term care settings and it can be achieved through the implementation of elements of person-centered care in appropriate care. A long-term care setting can be explained with the example of dementia care. A good quality of life is a chief goal of dementia care settings. Though there are very few studies related to the relationship of care characteristics with the quality of life of dementia patients in long-term care. Terada et al. (2013) revealed that, person-centered care approach in the long-term care settings has been successfully improved the quality of life of the geriatric patients suffering from dementia and undergoing treatment through a long period. The paper revealed that, the person-centered approach successfully enhanced the cognitive function, control of age-related effects and ADL scores of the patients undergoing long-term care activities. Another study by Li and Porock (2014) has been revealed that, person-centered care efficiently promoted the long-term care settings. The elements of person-centered approach include the person and family. Therefore it can be said that this care service would be helpful for enhancing the trust of the patient and its family towards the therapeutic approach as well as prioritizing human rights during the plan development. It promotes the mental health of the patient. The second element, care, care is applicable to the patient in a supportive way, thereby ensuring positive outcomes of the care. The next element process; all the processes are monitored in a proper way for achieving the success in the care practices (Terada et al. 2013). The process leads to the appropriate outcomes. The processes involve the approaches for self-management. In addition, the environment provided in the person-centered approach is a supportive and encouraging environment for improving the physical and mental status of the patient. The involvement of family members also helps to get a positive and encouraging environment in the care settings, thereby promoting the health outcomes. The activities and recreations in the person-centered approach of care are also helpful for enhancing the self-management and self-care skills in the patients (Flesner 2011). The recreational activities in this approach help the patient to be familiar with the normal environment. The leadership development in the person-centered approach is also a positive side of the approach. Finally, staffing is also an important part of the care activities. Staffs are responsible for delivering appropriate environment, should show positive regards towards the patients, thereby enhancing the mental status of the patients in long-term care. According to Alzheimer Society Ontario (2016), the person-centered approach is referred to the core concept guiding the philosophy of care in the long-term care settings. It helps to transform the care settings f rom a traditional medical model to a humanistic approach to care. The results revealed that person-centered approach of care is crucial for the guiding development of long-term care settings and implementation of care plans. It has been revealed that, the person-centered approach helps to enhance the efficiency of the patient care as well as positively influence the health outcomes of the patient. In this context, it has been revealed that, most of the long-term residential care homes are undertaking person-centered approaches for improving the health outcomes of the patients via a humanistic approach of care. Reference List Alzheimer Society Ontario, 2016. Person-centred care in long-term care homes | Alzheimer Society of Ontario. [online] Alzheimer.ca. Available at: https://www.alzheimer.ca/en/on/We-can-help/Resources/Resources-for-health-care-professionals/person-centred-care-in-long-term-care-homes [Accessed 9 Mar. 2016]. Crandall, L., White, D., Schuldheis, S. and Talerico, K., 2012. Initiating person-centered care practices in long-term care facilities. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18019118 [Accessed 9 Mar. 2016]. Flesner, M., 2011. Person-Centered Care and Organizational Culture in Long-term Care. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(4), pp.273-276. Heilman, C., 2012. Person-centered care: The bottom line | Long-Term Living Magazine. [online] Ltlmagazine.com. Available at: https://www.ltlmagazine.com/article/person-centered-care-bottom-line [Accessed 9 Mar. 2016]. Li, J. and Porock, D., 2014. Resident outcomes of person-centered care in long-term care: A narrative review of interventional research. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(10), pp.1395-1415. Mace, R., Clark, K., Mansbach, W. and Firth, I., 2015. Enhancing person-centered care by comparing cognitive functioning in long-term and short-stay nursing home residents. Alzheimer's Dementia, 11(7), p.P740. Tellisnayak, V., 2011. A Person-Centered Workplace: The Foundation for Person-Centered Caregiving in Long-Term Care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 8(1), pp.46-54. Terada, S., Oshima, E., Yokota, O., Ikeda, C., Nagao, S., Takeda, N., Sasaki, K. and Uchitomi, Y., 2013. Person-centered care and quality of life of patients with dementia in long-term care facilities. Psychiatry Research, 205(1-2), pp.103-108.