Essay --

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK A journal article Submitted to Dr. David Beach Electronics and Computer Technology Department Indiana State University By Teja Tatini â€Æ' Table of contents: 1. Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2. Virtual Private Network ------------------------------------------------ 4 3. Purpose of VPN --------------------------------------------------------- 5 4. VPN protocols ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 i) PPTP ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 ii) L2TP ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 iii) IPsec ----------------------------------------------------------- 6 5. Modes of operation ----------------------------------------------------- 6 i) AH ( Authentication Header) ------------------------------ 6 ii) ESP ( Encapsulated Security Payload) -------------------- 7 6. VPN security considerations ------------------------------------------ 8 7. Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------- 8 8. References --------------------------------------------------------------- 9 Table of Figures: Fig 1: Traditional leased line network --------------------------------- 3 Fig 2: Basic VPN connection ---------------------------------------... ...ofile, encryption keys and algorithms. 2. Personal firewalls should be installed and configured properly on the client VPN machines to block the unauthorized access to the client. 3. The user should remain aware of the physical security of the machine, in particular when authentication information is stored in the machine. Conclusion: Virtual Private Network provides a means of accessing a secure, private, internal network over insecure networks like external networks and internet. The most widely used technology in VPN is IPsec in most of the business environment to provide secure and safe encrypted data transfer between host and different remotely accessible clients. References: 1. http://info.lib.uh.edu/services/vpn.html 2. http://www.positivenetworks.net/images/client-uploads/jumppage2.htm 3. http://vpn.shmoo.com/ 4. http://www.ipvanish.com/why-vpn.php

TRIMS

The elimination of market interventions and more liberalization has a positive effect on FDI inflows. According to Zhang &Yang (2016) the importance of WTO with regard to FDI has been overlooked by the previous researchers and until now its effect on FDI and that On Trade related investment measures (TRIMS) has not been examined. Sane (2015) study suggests that it is important for national governments and for those firms that are involved in formulating investment, business and trade policies to know the effect of TRIMS on the foreign investment. It is the responsibility of WTO member to remove tariffs and other barriers that can affect the foreign as well as local investors. In order to attract more FDI in various sectors, locations and activities the overseas investors are offered with incentives. These incentives can in the form of tax credits, concessions, holidays, export subsidies, export subsidies and accelerated depreciation on machinery and plants. (Shah & Khan, 2016). Milner (2014) states that the most common feature that have been affecting the maneuvers of multinational firms in the host country are the rewards and punishment approach. Furthermore, the main purpose of Trade related investment measures is to abolish such kind of approach. In case of any dispute between two-member countries the WTO has dispute settlement mechanism from one state to other. (Shah, 2010). The decisions related to settlement of dispute does not require harmony among the members. (Shah, 2011a).According to Barry et al. (2016) previous studies indicate that multinational overseas investment is affected by high tariff barriers.Shah(2017a) found that rapid reduction of tariff duties in the late eighties that in early nineties and eventually due to the agreement of WTO in1995 led to tariff jumping FDI. This kind of investment is not present in free market economies. (Medvedev, 2012) With The internationalization of multinational productions competition for FDI has become more business friendly economic atmosphere which is in accordance with the objectives of W TO. (Paul, 2015). By observing the Present & the likely future factors that can affect the FDI movements this will help to create a market that is free of any interventions which would in turn attract more investment (Sutyrin, Efinova & Trofimenko, 2016). This study aims to determine the effect of TRIMs on overseas investment in 38 Sub-Saharan African countries from years1988 to 2015 i.e. 28 years .The variables used are market size, economic development, infrastructure, macro-economic stability. The results indicate that TRIMS have positive impact on FDI inflows. The conventional determinants of FDI consists of Market size, Trade openness, Economic Development, Macroeconomic stability and Infrastructure ability and Quality. These are considered as the main factors that have major influence on inward FDI.Balasubramanyam ( 1991) defined TRIMS as both collection of incentives & restrictive measures that are designed by a developing country in order to influence of FDI.To control the use of performance requirements that are imposed on foreign investors by means of WTO TRIMS. (Collins,2016). These agreements are a combination of both new and existing investments and includes both native & foreign firms. (Shah,2011b).The member states of WTO are required to notify about the procedures that do not comply with the TRIM agreement in 3 months' time period. To eliminate all kind of distortions the members of developed countries are granted two years' time, the developing countries five years and the low developed countries up to seven years. The developing countries that are unable to implement TRIM within the given time frame can get more time by applying for extension within seven years for Pakistan and few months for Chile. (UNCTAD, 2012).The amount of trade agreements that are signed by a developing country are taken as proxy for TRIMS. Moreover, these agreements involve two or few partner economies they focus more to tariff and service liberalization. TRIMS is very crucial for FDI due to removal of non-tariff barriers in trade. It allows overseas investors to freely export, import goods and generate profits. It gives all the investors equal treatment irrespective of their nationality. Impartial investment policies are more favorable for enticing foreign investors and tend to have a positive relationship between TRIMS & FDI inflows. (Shah, 2012a).ESTIMATION METHODShah(2017) used equation one for determining the effect of TRIMs implementation under WTO on inward FDI in 38 Sub-Saharan African countries.FDI it=f(Market size, economic development, openness, Macroeconomic stability, Infrastructure, TRIMS) †¦..Equation 1†³In equation one subscript i represents a Sub-Saharan African country from 1 to 38. Subscript t denotes the time period from 1988 to 2015 varying from 1 to 28which is equal to a total of 1064 (28*38) observations per variable. FDIit is used for the dependent variable representing the yearly stock of FDI in each of the host economy i.† Equation two is derived from equation 1 by using log and by putting the proxies for dependent and independent variables. Where, ln is used for natural log, which also reduces the likely heteroscedasticity (Resmini, 2000). For market size Gross domestic product is used. The gross fixed capital formation proxy is used for development level, aggregate trade represents the extent of openness of the economy, exchange rate is used for macroeconomic stability and for infrastructure availability telephone density is used. The WTO membership and the trade agreements proxy represents TRIMs implementation.Empirical Estimation MethodShah, (2012b) used longitudinal panel for data from 38 countries for 28 years. Hausman (1978) specification test was carried out to select between fixed and random effect and the use of fixed effect model was found more appropriate. (Nonnenberg & Mendonca, 2004).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe market size variable (GDP) is positive and was found to have significant effect on FDI. Shah (2016) found the results to be in accordance with the theory since economies of scale, opportunities for diversification and more possibilities of making an optimal use of the imported technology are usually offered by bigger markets. Economic development (GFCF) is positive but insignificant.Trade openness was positively significant which indicate that multinationals prefer open economies. Macroeconomic stability is found by the exchange rate. The result reveals that FDI in the Sub Saharan Africa is based more on exports due to depreciation of currency. Infrastructure and quality are positively significant as these are considered more important for the production and trade related activities. The proxy for TRIMS is the no of trade agreements and that of WTO membership is positive and significant which indicates that the amount of trade agreements signed by the host results in increase in inward FDI.CONCLUSIONThe main aim of this research is to determine the effect of TRIMs implementation on FDI inflows in Sub-Saharan African Developing countries. The technique used for data analysis was fixed estimation for the years 1988 to 2015 which shows that presence of larger domestic market attracts multinationals (Shah & Afridi, 2015). Trade liberalization enables the multinationals to sell their products in other countries.The important factors affecting FDI are Infrastructure, trade liberalisation and exchange rate. These factors tend to influence the overseas investors' investment decision because they empower the multinationals. Reduction in TRIMs related market distortions positively affects multinationals due to the resultant liberalisation of the trade and investment environment adding to a country's prospects of hosting additional FDI. Economy development was found to be insignificant due to the relative backwardness of the economies under investigation. These results are applicable to the 38 Sub-Saharan African countries only and shall not be widespread universally to other countries.

Persuasive Speech - Original Writing - 1489 Words

I sat down in my own chair, my hands folded in my lap. My legs were crossed and were swaying back and forth below my seat, sort of like a swing wistfully blowing in the wind. So, how do you feel? she asked, concerned. I m okay now, I whispered, looking down at my hands. Did Victor do anything to do when you were with him? No, not at all. I was just worried about being able to see him... he isn t doing well, you see... he... he could... She looked mournful, and tears were at the corners of her own eyes, but she kept them in as best she could. I ve heard the news about him. It was very sweet of you to visit him and to be this concerned, I would have... then she stopped herself. You never would have thought of someone like me doing it, would you? Elizabeth nodded. That s exactly what she was thinking, but she didn t dare to say it out loud, it would have been rude. I ve made a lot of mistakes in the past few months, I confessed. A lot of mistakes. I ve done things I may never forgive myself for doing, and I can t even imagine the harm or full extent of them. As far as I know, Victor s in that room because of me... Don t say that, scolded Elizabeth. Don t you say that nonsense. I m afraid it s true, though... I mouthed. I m afraid that because of all the stress and all the pain I ve given him, that now he s in this place... all of it, all of it s my fault... Once again, she gently embraced me. I had never been quite embraced inShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech - Original Writing1024 Words   |  5 PagesShoved away at the back of the cupboard on the highest shelf I lay there waiting to be unexpectedly found by the wrong person or to be used to make people happy. Either way results in the end of my life. Bundled away where no one can see, Richard is the only one who knows where I am. I play with his thoughts and guilty conscious everyday making him fear every knock at the door. 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I vaguely remember at the age of five when she and her family use to visit us back in New York. Almost every day my father and aunt had some kind of argument. Sometimes it s over pointless little things, the color of the neighborsâ€⠄¢ car or someRead MorePersuasive Speech - Original Writing843 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Frederick Plezno that is your LAST warning!† â€Å"Whatever.† I say with a snicker. Mrs. Smith, the literacy teacher, always checks her phone at 3:45, like clockwork. Probably checking to see if anybody is trying to get ahold of her. Ha, yeah right. Lets try to sneak out. â€Å"Frederick, I know your tricks.† She says with a smile of proudness. â€Å"Has anybody been unfortunate enough today by getting ahold of you?† I already start walking out the door because I know that remark deserves a detention. Sorry, thatRead MorePersuasive Speech - Original Writing1477 Words   |  6 Pagessomething. 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The Ford Pinto Case Analysis - 1576 Words

The Ford Pinto Case Milton Friedman believed a free-market system, in which goods and services are exchanged and controlled by individuals and privately-owned businesses without government authority, was the only way to achieve personal freedom. Adam Smith, a 18th century philosopher and economist, held the belief that in a free society, the role of government should be limited to the protection of the people, the administration of justice through the court system, and the maintenance of all public resources. Adam Smith developed the concept of the â€Å"invisible hand† theory, which says within a society that is free of government interference, individuals can pursue actions out of their own self-interest, and the collective result of this†¦show more content†¦Ford executives were under a great deal of pressure to produce a smaller, more gas efficient automobile. Japanese and German automobile sales were rapidly increasing. These competitive forces drove Ford’s executive team to respond by rushing the design process of the Ford Pinto. By 1973, the Pinto was well into production when engineers discovered a flaw in the gas tank, which was located just under the rear bumper. They discovered that if the vehicle suffered a rear-end collision over 20 mph, the gas tank could break and spill gasoline into the passenger compartment, potentially resulting in a fire. The remedy for the flaw was a part that cost $11.00 per vehicle. Executives at Ford knew the company had followed all safety standards and regulations. At that time, automobile safety standards only needed gas tanks to withstand a collision under 20 mph. An internal cost-benefit analysis revealed the costs would be substantially higher to fix the design flaw that the costs associated with any potential damages due to collisions and loss of life. The public remained unaware until Mother Jones journalist, Mark Dowie broke the story in 1977. Fueled by the media, what followed was a frenzy of public outcry a nd court trials. Friedman’s free-market approach to business ethics and how it relates to the Ford Pinto case. Friedman, who had a gift for explaining complex concepts, believed theShow MoreRelatedThe Ford Pinto Case Analysis Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pages The Ford Pinto Case Iyanda S. OConnor American Military Universtiy BUSN623 The Ford Pinto Case In 1978 a tragic car accident involving three teenager driving a Ford Pinto, model year 1973, caused their car to burst into flames (Hoffman, 1982). The car was struck from behind and the gas tank immediately ruptured (Hoffman, 1982). The Ford Company was then charged for criminal homicide which was historically the first to occur for an American company (Hoffman, 1982). 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Supply Chain Management Chapter 10 - 999 Words

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The Most Advantageous Feature of A.I. Free Essays

The most advantageous feature   and machine learning is that it’s applications are virtually limitless. It is a highly complex process, but can be tailored to just about any situation that you can imagine. It has the potential to streamline almost any automated process, from production to being the first line of customer interaction. We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Advantageous Feature of A.I. or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are already starting to see rudimentary forms of this software in things like chat bots on corporate websites that help direct customer traffic. This technology is still in its infancy and many companies and software developers are still figuring out what its potential applications could be. It is a process that many people are eager to invest in early on in hopes that one day it will become more intelligent and efficient. In the end however, the only limit to this technology is the human imagination. [build on from here, larab] humans bring something to the table in the association between human and computer and technology in these days. Here are some main advantages/benefits of this partnership between humans and computers and technology. Efficiency, objectivity, and scalability. It is fascinating to allow slow and well-defined tasks such as certain types of management work and straightforward calculations to a particular Artificial Intelligence algorithm. Not only does it decrease the costs of these processes greatly, but it also frees up employee’s time to focus on more elaborate, creative and inner problem solving with humans. AI customer service in business is really good example of this. This helps works to focus on human related work more. The human brain is more focused on our recognition of truth. On the other hand, Artificial Intelligence is by definition objective. It doesn’t design an opinion before having analyzed a acceptable amount of data. In opposed to a human being, an algorithm does not make any assumption on what the expected conclusion of an analysis should be. Therefore, AI ( artificial intelligence) is much better satisfactory for tasks requiring impartiality. Humans are able to inspect things better if they delete the unimportant details.after all, sometimes details are really important to really appreciate a certain situation. One of the advantages of an AI algorithm is that it can take the smallest details into account and translate this to the bigger picture. How to cite The Most Advantageous Feature of A.I., Papers

K101 An introduction to health and social care Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Essay for Health and Social Care module k101? Answer: Essay plan A systematic structure helps to enhance the efficiency of work. Therefore, a plan should also be made for writing an essay on a topic. In this essay, the topic is the Adopting a person-centered care approach can ensure that good care is provided in long-term care settings. Therefore, a proper structured plan would help to write the essay in appropriate format. Usually, an essay does not have separate headings; therefore, the plan should be made for summarizing and making the framework of the contents of each paragraph. The first paragraph would include a brief introduction of the topic. The introduction can be general and it would not include the specific points regarding the person-centered care and long-term care settings. The introduction would include the description and introduction of the essay title. If there are any issues related to the topic, the introduction part will highlight this part. The next paragraph would be the background of the topic. Here, in this paragraph, a brief history and importance of the topic would be discussed, thereby highlighting the topic, why it is important to adopt the person-centered approach in care long-term setting. The introductory paragraph would include a thesis statement and its importance upon which the essay would be built. On the basis of the thesis statement, the supported arguments would be discussed. In the third paragraph, the major points would be discussed. Here, an argument would be written based on the essay topic. This paragraph would contain the major points stating the reasons or support evidence for supporting the essay topic. In this condition, the paragraphs in this part will be written in a continuous manner with the supporting discussion for the argument or essay topic that is the adoption of a person-centered care approach is good for long-term care settings. These paragraphs will be descriptive. If there is any counter-argument present, these can be discussed in second-last paragraph. The last paragraph would be the conclusion. Here a well-structured conclusion would be discussed achieving the goal of the essay. The conclusion should be brief enough to be sufficient for one paragraph. The concluding paragraph would focus on the establishment of the argument, here in this essay; the paragraph would establish the positive argument for the essay topic. The concluding paragraph would highlight the alignment of the argument with the thesis statement. Essay The person-centered care is an approach of psychotherapy used in treating the patient with mental illness. In a person-centered care, patients are involved in planning, developing and monitoring care services for them. It helps to meet the need of the patients. The person-centered care is usually provided to the patients for giving them value and establishing a trustworthy relationship with the patient and the medical staff. In this essay, the major focus would be the discussion about the suitability or importance of person-centered approach in long-term care settings (Alzheimer Society Ontario 2016). In long-term care settings, patients usually become helpless due to their long-term diseased condition, thereby affecting their mental health also. In addition, in most of the cases, the mental health disorders need long-term treatment including counseling and psychotherapies (Crandall et al. 2012). Therefore, it can be said that, long-term care settings need to involve supportive care practices, for strengthening the mental stability of the patients. Person-centered care attempts to include the patients in their care plan development. It also allows the patients family to be involved in the care planning development along with the care professionals and other medical experts (Flesner 2011). Person-centered care is not based only on the provision of information about the care planning to the patients and their family members. It is mainly focused on considering the values, beliefs, the situation of the family, lifestyle, desires and social involvement for understanding the nature of the person and his status. Then a collaborative plan development helps in meeting appropriate solution of the issues. In long-term care settings, support is a major factor for getting success in particular therapeutic approach. It is because, supportive activities with respect and dignity, people find their entity newly and they become more positive about their therapy and wellness. According to Heilman (2012), the person-centered approach of care is a key perception of directing the efforts for improving long-term care of the patient. The background information of the person-centered care approach revealed that elements of the person-centered care approach are related to maximize the autonomy and comfort through a supportive physical and organizational environment (Li and Porock 2014). It helps to improve the health outcomes of the patients in long-term care settings. The person-centered approach consists of some key elements that are applicable to the care plans based on this approach. These include seven key elements including person and family engagement, care, process, environment, activity and recreation, leadership and staffing. Each element is important for the long-term care settings (Mace et al. 2015). These approaches have been adopted and practices have been implemented in six homes and it was revealed that real-life, effective choice, credible solutions met the positive health outcomes. These approaches can be duplicated in most care homes and the lesson can be applicable to different care settings. ASC influences the long-term care homes for adopting these elements in their care settings for improving the experiences of both the patients and caregivers undergoing long-term care settings (Tellisnayak 2011). For this purpose, it has been revealed that, a cultural change in the organization is needed, a shift of culture from an instituti onal model to a relationship-based approach is beneficial for focusing on the needs of people within long-term care settings and it can be achieved through the implementation of elements of person-centered care in appropriate care. A long-term care setting can be explained with the example of dementia care. A good quality of life is a chief goal of dementia care settings. Though there are very few studies related to the relationship of care characteristics with the quality of life of dementia patients in long-term care. Terada et al. (2013) revealed that, person-centered care approach in the long-term care settings has been successfully improved the quality of life of the geriatric patients suffering from dementia and undergoing treatment through a long period. The paper revealed that, the person-centered approach successfully enhanced the cognitive function, control of age-related effects and ADL scores of the patients undergoing long-term care activities. Another study by Li and Porock (2014) has been revealed that, person-centered care efficiently promoted the long-term care settings. The elements of person-centered approach include the person and family. Therefore it can be said that this care service would be helpful for enhancing the trust of the patient and its family towards the therapeutic approach as well as prioritizing human rights during the plan development. It promotes the mental health of the patient. The second element, care, care is applicable to the patient in a supportive way, thereby ensuring positive outcomes of the care. The next element process; all the processes are monitored in a proper way for achieving the success in the care practices (Terada et al. 2013). The process leads to the appropriate outcomes. The processes involve the approaches for self-management. In addition, the environment provided in the person-centered approach is a supportive and encouraging environment for improving the physical and mental status of the patient. The involvement of family members also helps to get a positive and encouraging environment in the care settings, thereby promoting the health outcomes. The activities and recreations in the person-centered approach of care are also helpful for enhancing the self-management and self-care skills in the patients (Flesner 2011). The recreational activities in this approach help the patient to be familiar with the normal environment. The leadership development in the person-centered approach is also a positive side of the approach. Finally, staffing is also an important part of the care activities. Staffs are responsible for delivering appropriate environment, should show positive regards towards the patients, thereby enhancing the mental status of the patients in long-term care. According to Alzheimer Society Ontario (2016), the person-centered approach is referred to the core concept guiding the philosophy of care in the long-term care settings. It helps to transform the care settings f rom a traditional medical model to a humanistic approach to care. The results revealed that person-centered approach of care is crucial for the guiding development of long-term care settings and implementation of care plans. It has been revealed that, the person-centered approach helps to enhance the efficiency of the patient care as well as positively influence the health outcomes of the patient. In this context, it has been revealed that, most of the long-term residential care homes are undertaking person-centered approaches for improving the health outcomes of the patients via a humanistic approach of care. Reference List Alzheimer Society Ontario, 2016. Person-centred care in long-term care homes | Alzheimer Society of Ontario. [online] Alzheimer.ca. Available at: https://www.alzheimer.ca/en/on/We-can-help/Resources/Resources-for-health-care-professionals/person-centred-care-in-long-term-care-homes [Accessed 9 Mar. 2016]. Crandall, L., White, D., Schuldheis, S. and Talerico, K., 2012. Initiating person-centered care practices in long-term care facilities. - PubMed - NCBI. [online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18019118 [Accessed 9 Mar. 2016]. Flesner, M., 2011. Person-Centered Care and Organizational Culture in Long-term Care. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(4), pp.273-276. Heilman, C., 2012. Person-centered care: The bottom line | Long-Term Living Magazine. [online] Ltlmagazine.com. Available at: https://www.ltlmagazine.com/article/person-centered-care-bottom-line [Accessed 9 Mar. 2016]. Li, J. and Porock, D., 2014. Resident outcomes of person-centered care in long-term care: A narrative review of interventional research. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(10), pp.1395-1415. Mace, R., Clark, K., Mansbach, W. and Firth, I., 2015. Enhancing person-centered care by comparing cognitive functioning in long-term and short-stay nursing home residents. Alzheimer's Dementia, 11(7), p.P740. Tellisnayak, V., 2011. A Person-Centered Workplace: The Foundation for Person-Centered Caregiving in Long-Term Care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 8(1), pp.46-54. Terada, S., Oshima, E., Yokota, O., Ikeda, C., Nagao, S., Takeda, N., Sasaki, K. and Uchitomi, Y., 2013. Person-centered care and quality of life of patients with dementia in long-term care facilities. Psychiatry Research, 205(1-2), pp.103-108.